Bone Loss: Causes, Consequences and Treatment
Among the conditions likely to affect the jaw, bone loss must absolutely not be downplayed. This decrease in bone density translates into a degradation of the peri-radicular bone (tissue located around the root of the tooth).
The different possible causes
Two main causes stand out regarding bone loss: periodontal diseases and ageing. Bone loss frequently follows a periodontal condition that has not been treated or that has not benefited from appropriate management. Gingivitis as well as periodontitis can degrade the bone mass, starting with the alveolar bone (bone surrounding the dental root). The latter then loses density and can no longer maintain the tooth in position. These pathologies can also generate wounds and abscesses which, if not treated, contribute in turn to bone degradation.
Natural causes also deserve attention when speaking of bone loss. Ageing participates in the decrease of bone density, in a reduction of the firmness of the gums, in a weakening of their attachment to the bone and the tooth, and therefore in reduced dental stability. The intake of fluoride and calcium proves essential to preserve the good health of gums and teeth. In case of deterioration, the peri-radicular bone may be affected. Bone loss may moreover result from an infection located in the jaw or from a dental infection. A fracture of the tooth can also be the cause, as can neglected oral hygiene.
The symptoms to watch for
It is possible to spot bone loss through increased dental mobility. This condition manifests itself through a loss of anchorage of the teeth to the jaw, the alveolar bone no longer supporting the roots optimally. More mobile teeth then move easily, whether at simple contact or during chewing.
When bone loss is caused by a gum disease like gingivitis, the most telling symptom is this time the swelling of the gum. This swelling may, in certain situations, be accompanied by gum pain, marked sensitivity or bleeding. The formation of a periodontal pocket also constitutes an indicator of bone loss.
If you experience one of these symptoms, do not waste time: it is essential to contact your dental surgeon in Cannes as soon as possible in order to receive an appropriate treatment before the problem worsens.
The treatments that can be provided
Faced with bone loss, the therapeutic options remain relatively limited. In the majority of situations, recourse to a bone graft will be necessary. A preliminary examination must be carried out to precisely assess the state of the bone and determine the intervention to be performed. The graft makes it possible to fill the deficit of bone mass at the level of the jaw. The harvesting is generally done from the maxillary bone, which strongly reduces the risks of rejection.
Thanks to the graft, the patient's bone capital can be entirely restored. This technique contributes to re-establishing the periodontium that supports the tooth.
It is also possible to resort to xenografts, such as demineralised bone of bovine origin (Bio-Oss), or to allografts (bone of human origin).
